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Doxorubicin was isolated from a mutated variant of S. peucetius (var. caesius). It differs from daunorubicin only by the addition of a hydroxyl group at the carbon 14 position. This modification greatly changes the activity of the drug making it highly effective against a wide range of solid tumours, leukaemia and lymphomas.
Doxorubicin showed better activity than daunorubicin against mouse tumors, and especially solid tumors. It also showed a higher therapeutic index, yet the cardiotoxicity remained. [50] Doxorubicin and daunorubicin together can be thought of as prototype compounds for the anthracyclines. Subsequent research has led to many other anthracycline ...
Daunorubicin, also known as daunomycin, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. [2] Specifically it is used for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and Kaposi's sarcoma . [ 2 ]
Pharmacological cardiotoxicity is defined as cardiac damage that occurs under the action of a drug. This can occur both through damage of cardiac muscle as well as through alteration of the ion currents of cardiomyocytes. [1] Two distinct drug classes in which cardiotoxicity can occur are in anti-cancer and antiarrhythmic drugs.
Daunorubicin: IV: Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis by intercalating DNA base pairs. Inhibits DNA repair by inhibiting topoisomerase II. Acute leukaemias: Myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity, anaphylaxis (rare), secondary malignancies (particularly acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome) and radiation recall. Doxorubicin: IV: As above.
[10] The United States Food and Drug Administration has also approved a dexrazoxane for use as a treatment of extravasation resulting from IV anthracycline chemotherapy . [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Extravasation is an adverse event in which chemotherapies containing anthracylines leak out of the blood vessel and necrotize the surrounding tissue.
Topoisomerase inhibitor classes have been derived from a wide variety of disparate sources, with some being natural products first extracted from plants (camptothecin, [10] etoposide [13]) or bacterial samples (doxorubicin, [14] indolocarbazole [15]), while others possess purely synthetic, and often accidental, origins (quinolone, [11 ...
Cardiotoxicity may be caused by chemotherapy (a usual example is the class of anthracyclines) [3] [4] treatment and/or radiotherapy; [5] complications from anorexia nervosa; adverse effects of heavy metals intake; [6] the long-term abuse of or ingestion at high doses of certain strong stimulants such as cocaine; [7] or an incorrectly ...