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Two doxorubicin molecules intercalated within DNA. [1] Anthracyclines are a class of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy that are extracted from Streptomyces peucetius bacterium. [2] [3] [4] These compounds are used to treat many cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, breast, stomach, uterine, ovarian, bladder cancer, and lung cancers.
Daunorubicin: IV: Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis by intercalating DNA base pairs. Inhibits DNA repair by inhibiting topoisomerase II. Acute leukaemias: Myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity, anaphylaxis (rare), secondary malignancies (particularly acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome) and radiation recall. Doxorubicin: IV: As above.
Daunorubicin, also known as daunomycin, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. [2] Specifically it is used for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and Kaposi's sarcoma. [2] It is administered by injection into a vein. [2]
Doxorubicin, sold under the brand name Adriamycin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. [10] This includes breast cancer, bladder cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and acute lymphocytic leukemia. [10] It is often used together with other chemotherapy agents. [10] Doxorubicin is given by injection into a vein. [10]
[10] The United States Food and Drug Administration has also approved a dexrazoxane for use as a treatment of extravasation resulting from IV anthracycline chemotherapy . [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Extravasation is an adverse event in which chemotherapies containing anthracylines leak out of the blood vessel and necrotize the surrounding tissue.
Cardiotoxicity (heart damage) is especially prominent with the use of anthracycline drugs (doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, and liposomal doxorubicin). The cause of this is most likely due to the production of free radicals in the cell and subsequent DNA damage .
Example of uses, and other notes 7+3, also known as DA or DAC in case of daunorubicin, or IA or IAC in case of idarubicin use 7 days of Ara-C plus 3 days of an anthracycline antibiotic, either daunorubicin (DA or DAC variant) or idarubicin (IA or IAC variant) Acute myelogenous leukemia, excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia: ABVD
The total plasma clearance of epirubicin is approximately 45 to 50 L/h/m2, which is almost 2-fold higher than that of doxorubicin. [9] [10] Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve values (adjusted for dose) are 1.3 to 1.7 times higher for doxorubicin than epirubicin following single-dose intravenous administration.
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