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Guion Stewart Bluford Jr. (born November 22, 1942) is an American aerospace engineer, retired United States Air Force (USAF) officer and fighter pilot, and former NASA astronaut, in which capacity he became the first African American to go to space. [1] [2] [a] While assigned to NASA, he remained a USAF officer rising to the rank of colonel.
Guion S. Bluford at the time was already the first African-American in space, having previously flown on STS-8. With STS-61-A he became the first African-American to fly in space twice. [6] He would later go on to fly on STS-39 in 1991 and on STS-53 in 1992. Bluford was a member of the U.S. astronaut class of 1978. [6]
STS-8 was the eighth NASA Space Shuttle mission and the third flight of the Space Shuttle Challenger. It launched on August 30, 1983, and landed on September 5, 1983, conducting the first night launch and night landing of the Space Shuttle program. It also carried the first African-American astronaut, Guion Bluford.
STS-39 was the first unclassified Department of Defense (DoD)-dedicated Space Shuttle mission. There had previously been seven Shuttle missions dedicated to the DoD, but those were considered classified and information about the operation or success of the payloads or experiments was not released.
First flight of an African American in space, Guion Bluford; Test of robot arm on heavy payloads with Payload Flight Test Article; First night launch; First night landing [39] [40] 9 28 November 1983 16:00:00 UTC 11:00:00 EST STS-9: Columbia: 6 10d 07h LC-39A: Edwards: First Spacelab mission; First European Space Agency Astronaut on a shuttle ...
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It was Discovery's 15th flight. The mission was launched on December 2, 1992, from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. This was also the last mission to have been operated via MCR-2 in JSC. Afterwards the room was restored entirely to its Apollo era appearance.
Then on 12 November a flight of 22.2 seconds carried the 14-bis some 220 m (720 ft), earning the Aéro-Club prize of 1,500 francs for the first flight of more than 100 m. [39] This flight was also observed by the newly formed Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) and became the first record in their log book. [citation needed]