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Bisoprolol, sold under the brand name Zebeta among others, is a beta blocker which is selective for the beta-1 receptor [7] and used for cardiovascular diseases, [7] including tachyarrhythmias, high blood pressure, angina, and heart failure. [7] [8] It is taken by mouth. [7]
Beta blockers have also been used for the treatment of schizoid personality disorder. [105] However, there is limited evidence supporting the efficacy of supplemental beta blocker use in addition to antipsychotic drugs for treating schizophrenia. [106] [107] Contrast agents are not contraindicated in those receiving beta blockers. [108]
Diltiazem, sold under the brand name Cardizem among others, is a nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker medication used to treat high blood pressure, angina, and certain heart arrhythmias. [9] It may also be used in hyperthyroidism if beta blockers cannot be used. [9] It is taken by mouth or given by injection into a vein. [9]
In particular, beta-blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity are contraindicated in patients with myocardial infarction, heart failure or severe bradycardia. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] Beta-blockers should be used with caution in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to bronchoconstriction, and in patients with ...
Calcium channel blockers Diltiazem; Verapamil; Ca 2+ channel blocker: Prevent recurrence of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; Reduce ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation; V Adenosine; Digoxin; Magnesium sulfate; Work by other or unknown mechanisms Contraindicated in ventricular arrhythmias
Treatment for physiologic sinus tachycardia involves treating the underlying causes of the tachycardia response. Beta blockers may be used to decrease tachycardia in patients with certain conditions, such as ischemic heart disease and rate-related angina. In patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia, careful titration of beta-blockers, salt ...
It is also used as an alternative in the treatment of severe hypertension. [10] Labetalol is useful in the treatment of acute cardiovascular toxicity (e.g. in overdose) caused by sympathomimetics like amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine. [12] [13] Other beta blockers are also used.
Figure 1: The chemical structure of dichloroisoprenaline or dichloroisoproterenol (), abbreviated DCI — the first β-blocker to be developed. β adrenergic receptor antagonists (also called beta-blockers or β-blockers) were initially developed in the 1960s, for the treatment of angina pectoris but are now also used for hypertension, congestive heart failure and certain arrhythmias. [1]