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Only nine types of element (memristor not included), five passive and four active, are required to model any electrical component or circuit. [2]Each element is defined by a relation between the state variables of the network: current, ; voltage, ; charge, ; and magnetic flux, .
Electronic components are mostly industrial products, available in a singular form and are not to be confused with electrical elements, which are conceptual abstractions representing idealized electronic components and elements. A datasheet for an electronic component is a technical document that provides detailed information about the ...
A simple electric circuit made up of a voltage source and a resistor. Here, =, according to Ohm's law. An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical components (e.g., batteries, resistors, inductors, capacitors, switches, transistors) or a model of such an interconnection, consisting of electrical elements (e.g., voltage sources, current sources, resistances, inductances ...
Binary compounds, particularly between elements in groups 13 and 15, such as gallium arsenide, groups 12 and 16, groups 14 and 16, and between different group-14 elements, e.g. silicon carbide. Certain ternary compounds, oxides, and alloys. Organic semiconductors, made of organic compounds. Semiconducting metal–organic frameworks. [17] [18]
For a circuit to be referred to as electronic, rather than electrical, generally at least one active component must be present. The combination of components and wires allows various simple and complex operations to be performed: signals can be amplified, computations can be performed, and data can be moved from one place to another. [1]
Example of a high-level systems architecture for a computer. A system architecture is the conceptual model that defines the structure, behavior, and views of a system. [1] An architecture description is a formal description and representation of a system, organized in a way that supports reasoning about the structures and behaviors of the system.
Distributed-element components which do this include stubs, coupled lines, and cascaded lines. Circuits built from these components include filters, power dividers, directional couplers, and circulators. Distributed-element circuits were studied during the 1920s and 1930s but did not become important until World War II, when they were used in ...
As of 2019, there are 118 known elements, about 80 of which are stable – that is, they do not change by radioactive decay into other elements. Some elements can occur as more than a single chemical substance . For instance, oxygen exists as both diatomic oxygen (O 2) and ozone (O 3). The majority of elements are classified as metals.