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  2. Reading comprehension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_comprehension

    Between 1969 and 2000, a number of "strategies" were devised for teaching students to employ self-guided methods for improving reading comprehension. In 1969 Anthony V. Manzo designed and found empirical support for the Re Quest, or Reciprocal Questioning Procedure, in traditional teacher-centered approach due to its sharing of "cognitive secrets".

  3. Reader-response criticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reader-response_criticism

    Reader-response theory recognizes the reader as an active agent who imparts "real existence" to the work and completes its meaning through interpretation. Reader-response criticism argues that literature should be viewed as a performing art in which each reader creates their own, possibly unique, text-related performance.

  4. Text inferencing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_inferencing

    [5] The type of inference drawn here is also called a "causal inference" because the inference made suggests that events in one sentence cause those in the next. Backward inferences can be either logical, in that the reader assumes one occurrence based on the statement of another, or pragmatic, in that the inference helps the reader comprehend ...

  5. Inference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inference

    Additionally, the term 'inference' has also been applied to the process of generating predictions from trained neural networks. In this context, an 'inference engine' refers to the system or hardware performing these operations. This type of inference is widely used in applications ranging from image recognition to natural language processing.

  6. Literal and figurative language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_and_figurative...

    The distinction between literal and figurative language exists in all natural languages; the phenomenon is studied within certain areas of language analysis, in particular stylistics, rhetoric, and semantics. Literal language is the usage of words exactly according to their direct, straightforward, or conventionally accepted meanings: their ...

  7. Authorial intent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorial_intent

    The reader's impression of the author's intent is a working force in interpretation, but the author's actual intent is not. Some critics in this school believe that reader-response is a transaction and that there is some form of negotiation going on between authorial intent and reader's response.

  8. Literariness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literariness

    For Shklovsky, the plot is the most important feature of a narrative as he claims that there is a distinctive difference between ‘story’ and ‘plot’. The story of a narrative entails the normal temporal sequence of events whereas the plot is a distortion of the normal storyline and thus associated with defamiliarisation (Williams 2004, p ...

  9. List of literary movements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_literary_movements

    Literary movements are a way to divide literature into categories of similar philosophical, topical, or aesthetic features, as opposed to divisions by genre or period. Like other categorizations, literary movements provide language for comparing and discussing literary works.