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It is used in the synthesis of several common aroma compounds (cyclamen aldehyde, helional, lilial). [2] Reduction of propionaldehyde gives n‑propanol, and reductive amination gives propanamine. Rising demand for non-chlorocarbon solvents has caused some manufacturers to substitutively brominate n‑propanol to propyl bromide.
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The Enders SAMP/RAMP hydrazone alkylation begins with the synthesis of the hydrazone from a N,N-dialkylhydrazine and a ketone or aldehyde [14]. The hydrazone is then deprotonated on the α-carbon position by a strong base, such as lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), leading to the formation of a resonance stabilized anion - an azaenolate.
In organic chemistry, hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an industrial process for the production of aldehydes (R−CH=O) from alkenes (R 2 C=CR 2). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This chemical reaction entails the net addition of a formyl group ( −CHO ) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond .
The Crabbé reaction (or Crabbé allene synthesis, Crabbé–Ma allene synthesis) is an organic reaction that converts a terminal alkyne and aldehyde (or, sometimes, a ketone) into an allene in the presence of a soft Lewis acid catalyst (or stoichiometric promoter) and secondary amine.
In organic chemistry, the Mannich reaction is a three-component organic reaction that involves the amino alkylation of an acidic proton next to a carbonyl (C=O) functional group by formaldehyde (H−CHO) and a primary or secondary amine (−NH 2) or ammonia (NH 3). [1]
Aldol structural units are found in many important molecules, whether naturally occurring or synthetic. [8] [9] The reaction is well used on an industrial scale, notably of pentaerythritol, [10] trimethylolpropane, the plasticizer precursor 2-ethylhexanol, and the drug Lipitor (atorvastatin, calcium salt). [11]
Cascade reactions are often key steps in the efficient total synthesis of complex natural products. The key step in Heathcock's synthesis of dihydroprotodaphniphylline features a highly efficient cascade involving two aldehyde/amine condensations, a Prins-like cyclization, and a 1,5-hydride transfer to afford a pentacyclic structure from an acyclic starting material.