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In August 1988, violence broke out and the army massacred thousands of Hutus. Facing substantial foreign pressure, Buyoya initiated reforms designed to end Burundi's systemic ethnic violence, [5] while UPRONA attempted to incorporate more Hutus into its ranks. [1] The Tutsi establishment in the army and security forces nevertheless resisted ...
The ethnic violence following the coup lasted to the end of the year. [98] Initial estimates of the death toll ranged from 25,000 to 500,000. A joint study conducted by the United Nations Population Fund and the Burundian government in 2002 estimated the number of people killed from 21 October to 31 December 1993 to be 116,059, with at least ...
Urban street gangs, many of which had been biethnic before 1993, split along ethnic lines and began to work for extremist politicians. They received money and guns, and in return demonstrated, and murdered on the orders of the Tutsi and Hutu parties. [16] An estimated 50,000 to 100,000 people died within a year [17] about as many Hutu as Tutsi ...
1993 ethnic violence: 21 October to 31 December 1993 Nationwide 25,000 [1] Titanic Express massacre [4] December 28, 2000 Bujumbura Rural: 21 [5] Bus attack by the Hutu-extremist group Palipehutu-FNL Itaba massacre: September 9, 2002 Itaba 267 [6] Gatumba refugee camp massacre September 7, 2004 Gatumba: 160 [7]
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Observers feared that President Ntaryamira's death would lead to widespread violence in Burundi, as had happened when his predecessor, Melchior Ndadaye, was assassinated during a coup attempt in October 1993. [30] However, unlike in Rwanda, the situation in Burundi remained peaceful after word was received of its president's death.
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