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In fluid dynamics, aerodynamic potential flow codes or panel codes are used to determine the fluid velocity, and subsequently the pressure distribution, on an object. This may be a simple two-dimensional object, such as a circle or wing, or it may be a three-dimensional vehicle.
In electrical engineering, the power factor of an AC power system is defined as the ratio of the real power absorbed by the load to the apparent power flowing in the circuit. . Real power is the average of the instantaneous product of voltage and current and represents the capacity of the electricity for performing
APFC may refer to: Active/automatic power factor correction/control (panel), used to control the power factor of electrical loads; Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation; Albert Park Football Club, a present-day amateur Australian rules football club; Albert Park Football Club (VFA), a former Australian rules football club from the 1860s and 1870s
The nominal power of PV devices is measured under standard test conditions (STC), specified in standards such as IEC 61215, IEC 61646 and UL 1703. Specifically, the light intensity is 1000 W/m 2, with a spectrum similar to sunlight hitting the Earth's surface at latitude 35°N in the summer (airmass 1.5), the temperature of the cells being 25 °C.
This allows calculation by an industrial customer of its internal fault levels within its plant. If the prospective short-circuit current from the utility source is very large compared to the customer's system size, an "infinite bus" is assumed, with zero effective internal impedance; the only limit to the prospective short-circuit current is ...
Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion is a direct conversion process from heat to electricity via photons.A basic thermophotovoltaic system consists of a hot object emitting thermal radiation and a photovoltaic cell similar to a solar cell but tuned to the spectrum being emitted from the hot object.
The effective collection area of a flat-panel solar collector varies with the cosine of the misalignment of the panel with the Sun.. Sunlight has two components: the "direct beam" that carries about 90% of the solar energy [6] [7] and the "diffuse sunlight" that carries the remainder – the diffuse portion is the blue sky on a clear day, and is a larger proportion of the total on cloudy days.
Isogrid panels form self-stiffened structures where low weight, stiffness, strength and damage tolerance are important, such as in aircraft or space vehicles. Aerospace isogrid structures include payload shrouds and boosters, which must support the full weight of upper stages and payloads under high G loads.