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High-risk HPVs cause cancer and consist of about twelve identified types. [10] Types 16 and 18 are responsible for causing most of HPV-caused cancers. These high-risk HPVs cause 5% of the cancers in the world. In the United States, high-risk HPVs cause 3% of all cancer cases in women and 2% in men. [87]
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
Having many pregnancies is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. Among HPV-infected women, those who have had seven or more full-term pregnancies have around four times the risk of cancer compared with women with no pregnancies, and two to three times the risk of women who have had one or two full-term pregnancies. [50]
Papillomaviridae is a family of non-enveloped DNA viruses whose members are known as papillomaviruses. [1] Several hundred species of papillomaviruses, traditionally referred to as "types", [2] have been identified infecting all carefully inspected mammals, [2] but also other vertebrates such as birds, snakes, turtles and fish.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a cause of nearly all cases of cervical cancer. [6] Most women will successfully clear HPV infections within 18 months. Those that have a prolonged infection with a high-risk type (e.g. types 16, 18, 31, 45) are more likely to develop Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia, due to the effects that HPV has on ...
A high-risk pregnancy is a pregnancy where the mother or the fetus has an increased risk of adverse outcomes compared to uncomplicated pregnancies. No concrete guidelines currently exist for distinguishing “high-risk” pregnancies from “low-risk” pregnancies; however, there are certain studied conditions that have been shown to put the mother or fetus at a higher risk of poor outcomes. [1]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 1 February 2025. Class of vaccines against human papillomavirus Pharmaceutical compound HPV vaccine Vaccine description Target Human papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine type Protein subunit Clinical data Trade names Gardasil, others AHFS / Drugs.com Monograph MedlinePlus a615028 License data US DailyMed: Human ...
Gardasil is an HPV vaccine for use in the prevention of certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). [10] [7] [8] [9] [11] It was developed by Merck & Co. [12] High-risk human papilloma virus (hr-HPV) genital infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection among women. [13]
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