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Among speakers of several languages, dictation is used as a test of language skill, similar to spelling bees in the English-speaking world. Secondary to teaching language skills, the exercise of dictation has also been used to introduce students to literary works, and to instill morals. [ 1 ]
A diktat (from German: Diktat, [dɪkˈtaːt]) is a statute, harsh penalty or settlement imposed upon a defeated party by the victor, or a dogmatic decree.The term has acquired a pejorative sense, to describe a set of rules dictated by a foreign power or an unpopular local power.
Dictation can refer to: . Dictation (exercise), when one person speaks while another person transcribes Dictation: A Quartet, a collection of short stories by Cynthia Ozick, published in 2008
Sarcophagus relief of Valerius Petronianus, with his slave holding writing tablets (4th century AD). In ancient Rome, an amanuensis (Latin āmanuēnsis, “secretary”, from ab-, “from” + manus, “hand” [5]) was a slave or freedperson who provided literary and secretarial services such as taking dictation and perhaps assisting in composition.
The phrase is used to indicate a need for extra care in reading the document so annotated. It may be intended as a disclaimer to limit legal liability.. It may be used at the end of an article to warn the reader that the written material has not been personally written by the author, who likely dictated it to a secretary, but they did not have the time to write it themselves.
Synonyms are often from the different strata making up a language. For example, in English, Norman French superstratum words and Old English substratum words continue to coexist. [11] Thus, today there exist synonyms like the Norman-derived people, liberty and archer, and the Saxon-derived folk, freedom and bowman.
A thesaurus (pl.: thesauri or thesauruses), sometimes called a synonym dictionary or dictionary of synonyms, is a reference work which arranges words by their meanings (or in simpler terms, a book where one can find different words with similar meanings to other words), [1] [2] sometimes as a hierarchy of broader and narrower terms, sometimes simply as lists of synonyms and antonyms.
The English word “scribe” derives from the Latin word scriba, a public notary or clerk. The public scribae were the highest in rank of the four prestigious occupational grades among the attendants of the Roman magistrates. [81] In the city of Rome, the scribae worked out of the state treasury and government archive. They received a good salary.