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  2. Panel-reactive antibody - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panel-reactive_antibody

    A panel-reactive antibody (PRA) is a group of antibodies in a test serum that are reactive against any of several known specific antigens in a panel of test leukocytes or purified HLA antigens from cells. It is an immunologic metric routinely performed by clinical laboratories on the blood of people awaiting organ transplantation. [1]

  3. Donor-specific antibody - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donor-specific_antibody

    The degree of cytotoxicity is expressed as percentage PRA (panel reactive antibody). It is a tool that can be employed to approximate the risk of a given recipient of having a positive crossmatch. This is to a likely organ donor taken from a similar population. The limitations of this method are that PRA percent can be different numerically ...

  4. Blood compatibility testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_compatibility_testing

    The image above shows the interpretation of an antibody panel used in serology to detect antibodies towards the most relevant blood group antigens. Each row represents "reference" or "control" red blood cells of donors which have known antigen compositions and are ABO group O. The + symbol means that the antigen is present on the reference red ...

  5. Basiliximab - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basiliximab

    Basiliximab is indicated for the prophylaxis of acute organ rejection in de-novo allogeneic renal transplantation. [3] It is to be used concomitantly with ciclosporin for microemulsion- and corticosteroid-based immunosuppression, in people with panel reactive antibodies less than 80%, or in a triple maintenance immunosuppressive regimen containing ciclosporin for microemulsion, corticosteroids ...

  6. Antinuclear antibody - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear_antibody

    The antibodies may also be produced through molecular mimicry, where cross reactive antibodies bind to both virus and human proteins. This may occur with one of the antigens, Ro or La, and may subsequently produce antibodies to other proteins through a process known as epitope spreading .

  7. Seroconversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seroconversion

    If an antibody is already bound to an antigen, that antibody and that antigen cannot bind to the test. Antibody tests therefore cannot detect that specific antibody molecule. Due to this binding, if the amounts of antigen and antibody in the blood are equal, each antibody molecule will be in a complex and be undetectable by standard techniques.

  8. Sid blood group system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid_blood_group_system

    Anti-Sd(a) is usually composed of immunoglobulin M and is reactive at room temperature, but it also displays reactivity in the indirect antiglobulin test. The antibody displays a characteristic pattern of mixed-field agglutination during testing. Under the microscope, small, shiny clumps of red blood cells are visible, surrounded by ...

  9. Coombs test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coombs_test

    IgG antibodies are most reactive at 37°C. IgM antibodies are easily detected in saline at room temperature as IgM antibodies are able to bridge between RBC's owing to their large size, efficiently creating what is seen as agglutination. IgG antibodies are smaller and require assistance to bridge well enough to form a visual agglutination ...

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