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  2. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin-induced...

    Up to 8% of patients receiving heparin are at risk to develop HIT antibodies, but only 1–5% on heparin will progress to develop HIT with thrombocytopenia and subsequently one-third of them may develop arterial or venous thrombosis. [1] After vascular surgery, 34% of patients receiving heparin developed HIT antibodies without clinical symptoms ...

  3. Panel-reactive antibody - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panel-reactive_antibody

    A panel-reactive antibody (PRA) is a group of antibodies in a test serum that are reactive against any of several known specific antigens in a panel of test leukocytes or purified HLA antigens from cells. It is an immunologic metric routinely performed by clinical laboratories on the blood of people awaiting organ transplantation. [1]

  4. Blood compatibility testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_compatibility_testing

    The image above shows the interpretation of an antibody panel used in serology to detect antibodies towards the most relevant blood group antigens. Each row represents "reference" or "control" red blood cells of donors which have known antigen compositions and are ABO group O. The + symbol means that the antigen is present on the reference red ...

  5. Helicase-dependent amplification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicase-dependent...

    The polymerase chain reaction is the most widely used method for in vitro DNA amplification for purposes of molecular biology and biomedical research. [1] This process involves the separation of the double-stranded DNA in high heat into single strands (the denaturation step, typically achieved at 95–97 °C), annealing of the primers to the single stranded DNA (the annealing step) and copying ...

  6. Extractable nuclear antigen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractable_nuclear_antigen

    An extractable nuclear antigen panel, or an ENA panel, tests for presence of autoantibodies in the blood that react with proteins in the cell nucleus. It is usually done as a follow-up to a positive antinuclear antibody test and when one is showing symptoms of an autoimmune disorder. The ANA tests for the presence or absence of autoantibodies ...

  7. Human platelet antigen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_platelet_antigen

    These can stimulate production of alloantibodies (that is, antibodies against other people's antigens) in recipients of transfused platelets from donors with different HPAs. These antibodies cause neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, post-transfusion purpura, and some cases of platelet transfusion refractoriness to infusion of donor platelets. [1]

  8. Monocyte monolayer assay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocyte_monolayer_assay

    The identification of unexpected antibodies is a labor-intensive process, and sometimes requires the addition of special laboratory techniques to aid in the proper identification of the antibody. Among these techniques are elutions, adsorptions, and enzyme treatment. [4] [5] Some patients produce antibodies to high frequency antigens. That is ...

  9. Radioimmunoassay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioimmunoassay

    A radioimmunoassay (RIA) is an immunoassay that uses radiolabeled molecules in a stepwise formation of immune complexes.A RIA is a very sensitive in vitro assay technique used to measure concentrations of substances, usually measuring antigen concentrations (for example, hormone levels in blood) by use of antibodies.