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In telecommunications and computer networking, multiplexing (sometimes contracted to muxing) is a method by which multiple analog or digital signals are combined into one signal over a shared medium. The aim is to share a scarce resource – a physical transmission medium .
Session multiplexing in a computer network is a service provided by the transport layer (see OSI Layered Model). It multiplexes [1] several message streams, or sessions onto one logical link and keeps track of which messages belong to which sessions (see session layer). An example of session multiplexing—a single computer with one IP address ...
In the IEEE 802 reference model of computer networking, the logical link control (LLC) data communication protocol layer is the upper sublayer of the data link layer (layer 2) of the seven-layer OSI model. The LLC sublayer acts as an interface between the medium access control (MAC) sublayer and the network layer.
Multiplexing and multiple access may refer to: Multiplexing , a method by which multiple analog or digital signals are combined into one signal over a shared medium Multiple access , allows several terminals connected to the same transmission medium to transmit over a shared medium.
Examples of shared physical media are wireless networks, bus networks, ring networks and point-to-point links operating in half-duplex mode. A channel access method is based on multiplexing , which allows several data streams or signals to share the same communication channel or transmission medium.
TCP/IP's pragmatic approach to computer networking and to independent implementations of simplified protocols made it a practical methodology. [ 49 ] [ page needed ] Some protocols and specifications in the OSI stack remain in use, one example being IS-IS , which was specified for OSI as ISO/IEC 10589:2002 and adapted for Internet use with TCP ...
The most widespread multiple access method is the contention-based CSMA/CD used in Ethernet networks. This mechanism is only utilized within a network collision domain, for example, an Ethernet bus network or a hub-based star topology network. An Ethernet network may be divided into several collision domains, interconnected by bridges and switches.
Carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) in computer networking, is a network multiple access method in which carrier sensing is used, but nodes attempt to avoid collisions by beginning transmission only after the channel is sensed to be "idle". [1] [2] When they do transmit, nodes transmit their packet data in its entirety.