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Sambucus nigra is a species complex of flowering plants in the family Viburnaceae native to most of Europe. [1] Common names include elder, elderberry, black elder, European elder, European elderberry, and European black elderberry. [2] [3] It grows in a variety of conditions including both wet and dry fertile soils, primarily in sunny locations.
Elders are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including brown-tail, buff ermine, dot moth, emperor moth, engrailed moth, swallow-tailed moth and the V-pug. The crushed foliage and immature fruit have a strong fetid smell. Valley elderberry longhorn beetles in California are very often found around red or blue ...
In June tiny, lemon-scented, white flowers appear and then develop into black fruits in late summer. The fruits have been used in jams, jellies, pie fillings and elderberry wine. The flowers are ...
In summer, it bears large (20–30 cm or 8–12 in diameter) corymbs of white flowers above the foliage, the individual flowers 5–6 millimetres (3 ⁄ 16 – 1 ⁄ 4 in) diameter, with five petals. The fruit (known as an elderberry) is a dark purple to black berry 3–5 mm diameter, produced in drooping clusters in the fall.
The plant is classified by several different botanical names. Both the current United States Department of Agriculture database and The Jepson Manual of California flora (2013) classify it as S. nigra subsp. cerulea. [1] [2] The Sunset Western Garden Book identifies the plant as Sambucus mexicana, and note use of S. caerulea also. [5] [6]
Sambucus mexicana may refer to the following North American black or blue elderberry species: Sambucus mexicana C.Presl ex DC. = Sambucus mexicana var. bipinnata Schltdl.
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Sambucus australasica is a shrub or small tree that typically grows to a height of 4 m (13 ft) and has glabrous stems, leaves and flowers. The leaves are pinnate, 60–250 mm (2.4–9.8 in) long on a petiole 20–100 mm (0.79–3.94 in) long, with three or five leaflets, each narrow elliptic to lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 20–100 mm (0.79–3.94 in) long and 4–30 mm ...