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Fluid and crystallized intelligence are constructs originally conceptualized by Raymond Cattell. [2] The concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence were further developed by Cattell and his former student John L. Horn. [6] [7] [3] Most of the intelligence testing had mainly been focused on children, and young adults. Cattell and Horn ...
The Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory is an integration of two previously established theoretical models of intelligence: the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence (Gf-Gc) (Cattell, 1941; Horn 1965), and Carroll's three-stratum theory (1993), a hierarchical, three-stratum model of intelligence. Due to substantial similarities between the ...
Cattell proposed that general intelligence (g) comprises both fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc). [3] [4] Whereas Gf is biologically and constitutionally based, Gc is the actual level of a person's cognitive functioning, based on the augmentation of Gf through sociocultural and experiential learning (including formal ...
The broad abilities recognized by the model are fluid intelligence (Gf), crystallized intelligence (Gc), general memory and learning (Gy), broad visual perception (Gv), broad auditory perception (Gu), broad retrieval ability (Gr), broad cognitive speediness (Gs), and processing speed (Gt).
For his PhD research at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Horn identified other broad intellectual abilities to supplement fluid reasoning ability (g f) and crystallized ability (g c) postulated by his supervisor Raymond Cattell. As with Cattell, Horn rejected the existence of an even higher level factor of general intelligence ‘g ...
Cattell theorized the existence of fluid and crystallized intelligence to explain human cognitive ability, [20] investigated changes in Gf and Gc over the lifespan, [21] and constructed the Culture Fair Intelligence Test to minimize the bias of written language and cultural background in intelligence testing. [22]
The distinction between fluid and crystallized intelligence can only emerge to the extent that it is possible to develop a battery of tests that accurately distinguishes between material to which test takers should have been exposed and tasks that they should find novel." (Johnson & Bouchard, 2005) [2]
The Wide Range Intelligence test (WRIT) is an assessment of verbal (crystallized) and visual IQ. Running at approximately 30 minutes, the WRIT is shorter than traditional IQ tests. The test also involves only four subtests and requires fewer physical materials than a typical test.