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1st century sculpture of Pluto in the Getty Villa. In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Pluto (Greek: Πλούτων, Ploutōn) was the ruler of the Greek underworld. The earlier name for the god was Hades, which became more common as the name of the underworld itself.
Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit the Sun. It is the largest known trans-Neptunian object by volume, by a small margin, but is less massive than Eris.
Similarly, Eris, the malevolent "Goddess of Discord and Chaos", is the main antagonist in the DreamWorks 2003 animated movie Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas against Sinbad and his allies. The dwarf planet Eris was named after this Greek goddess in 2006. [103] In 2019, the New Zealand moth species Ichneutica eris was named in honour of Eris. [104]
Eris has been measured at 2,326 ± 12 kilometres (1,445 ± 7 mi) in diameter; [12] its mass is 0.28% that of the Earth and 27% greater than that of Pluto, [23] [24] although Pluto is slightly larger by volume. [25] Both Eris and Pluto have a surface area that is comparable to that of Russia or South America. Eris has one large known moon, Dysnomia.
In ancient Roman religion, Ceres (/ ˈ s ɪər iː z / SEER-eez, [1] [2] Latin:) was a goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships. [3] She was originally the central deity in Rome's so-called plebeian or Aventine Triad, then was paired with her daughter Proserpina in what Romans described as "the Greek rites of Ceres".
Only one of them – Pluto – has been observed in enough detail to verify that its current shape fits what would be expected from hydrostatic equilibrium. [53] Ceres is close to equilibrium, but some gravitational anomalies remain unexplained. [54] Eris is generally assumed to be a dwarf planet because it is more massive than Pluto.
For instance, for a large portion of names ending in -s, the oblique stem and therefore the English adjective changes the -s to a -d, -t, or -r, as in Mars–Martian, Pallas–Palladian and Ceres–Cererian; [note 1] occasionally an -n has been lost historically from the nominative form, and reappears in the oblique and therefore in the English ...
When Earth is stated or assumed to be the reference point: "Inferior planet" refers to Mercury and Venus, which are closer to the Sun than Earth is. "Superior planet" refers to Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune (the latter two added later), which are further from the Sun than Earth is.