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A bid of 4NT "invites" opener to: bid 6NT with a maximum holding of 14 HCP (19 + 14 = 33 which is sufficient) pass with a minimum 12 HCP (20+ 12 = only 32) with partnership agreement, bid 5NT holding 13 HCP - asking partner to bid 6NT with 20 HCP and to pass holding 19 HCP. An opening bid of 2NT shows 20, 21 or 22 HCP.
The forcing 1NT bid shows 6 to 12 HCP, denies the ability to make a single raise (but not necessarily an invitational raise), and denies holding four spades if the opening bid was 1 ♥; it must be announced as "forcing" by partner. As the forcing notrump creates problems of its own, a popular variation that overcomes these is the forcing next ...
The unusual notrump applies the principle that when the natural meaning of a bid is not generally very useful, it is profitable to agree that it means something somewhat opposite. That is, while natural notrump bids show a strong hand with balanced distribution, the unusual notrump shows a weak hand with very unbalanced distribution.
XY Notrump gives very good control finding both games and slams, as the final "mission" of the sequence is established at a relatively early stage of bidding. Playing, as very common in combination with XY no trump, the Walsh convention or even Transfer Walsh , one still has the chance of stopping in 2 ♦ on weak hands, often impossible using ...
(The opening bid promised a minimum of 13, and responder's 10 or 11 points adds up to 23 or 24 points, very close to the 25 points needed to bid a major-suit or no-trump game.) Next priority is to bid the longest suit. Show 5-card support for partner's minor suit opening (4-card support is acceptable but not preferred) by responding 3 of the minor.
Strong hands, with 19 high card points plus, start with a double and then rebid 2 Notrump (or double) to try to expose a psychic bid. Good 4-4=4-1 distributional hands with a stiff minor suit can start with 2 ♣. Single-suited minor hands often start with double, hoping to be able to play at the two-level. These hands will pass a 2 ♦ asking bid.
Strong notrump after passing (SNAP) is a bridge bidding convention originated by Jeremy Flint and Tony Priday [1] [2] and is a one notrump (1NT) bid by a passed hand in response to a one-level opening by his partner. [citation needed]
Several versions of Blackwood are available: Standard Blackwood, Roman Blackwood and Roman Key Card Blackwood (RKC or RKCB). All versions are initiated by a bid of four notrump (), and the entire family of conventions may be called Blackwood 4NT in both versions, or Key Card 4NT in the key card variation.