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The Doctrine of Chances was the first textbook on probability theory, written by 18th-century French mathematician Abraham de Moivre and first published in 1718. [1] De Moivre wrote in English because he resided in England at the time, having fled France to escape the persecution of Huguenots.
The key chapter is Chapter 32 'The Inductive Use of Statistical Frequencies for the Determination of Probability a posteriori - The Method of Lexis'. After citing Lexis' observations on both 'subnormal' and 'supernormal' dispersion, he notes that 'a supernormal dispersion [can] also arise out of connexite or organic connection between the ...
Probability theory or probability calculus is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability. Although there are several different probability interpretations , probability theory treats the concept in a rigorous mathematical manner by expressing it through a set of axioms .
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Concerning the Laws of Probability which result from the Indefinite Multiplication of Events; Application of the Calculus of Probabilities to Natural Philosophy; Application of the Calculus of Probabilities to the Moral Sciences; Concerning the Probability of Testimonies; Concerning the Selections and Deliberations of Assemblies
Counterexamples in Probability is a mathematics book by Jordan M. Stoyanov. Intended to serve as a supplemental text for classes on probability theory and related topics, it covers cases where a mathematical proposition might seem to be true but actually turns out to be false.
The Latin title of this book is Ars cogitandi, which was a successful book on logic of the time. The Ars cogitandi consists of four books, with the fourth one dealing with decision-making under uncertainty by considering the analogy to gambling and introducing explicitly the concept of a quantified probability. [6] [7]