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In Windows NT operating systems, the System Idle Process contains one or more kernel threads which run when no other runnable thread can be scheduled on a CPU. In a multiprocessor system, there is one idle thread associated with each CPU core. For a system with hyperthreading enabled, there is an idle thread for each logical processor.
On system with BIOS firmware, the BIOS invokes MBR boot code from a hard disk drive at startup. The MBR boot code and the VBR boot code are OS-specific. In Microsoft Windows, the MBR boot code tries to find an active partition (the MBR is only 512 bytes), then executes the VBR boot code of an active partition.
The boot partition (or boot volume) [5] is the disk partition that contains the operating system folder, known as the system root or %systemroot% in Windows NT. [ 6 ] : 174 Before Windows 7 , the system and boot partitions were, by default, the same and were given the "C:" drive letter .
In Windows NT, the booting process is initiated by NTLDR in versions before Vista and the Windows Boot Manager (BOOTMGR) in Vista and later. [4] The boot loader is responsible for accessing the file system on the boot drive, starting ntoskrnl.exe, and loading boot-time device drivers into memory.
BIOS interrupt calls perform hardware control or I/O functions requested by a program, return system information to the program, or do both. A key element of the purpose of BIOS calls is abstraction - the BIOS calls perform generally defined functions, and the specific details of how those functions are executed on the particular hardware of the system are encapsulated in the BIOS and hidden ...
Users have the option of performing a traditional shutdown by holding down the Shift key while clicking Shut Down [21] and it is also possible to shut down a computer in the traditional way by disabling Fast Startup in the system settings. Windows 10 mirrors Windows 8 as noted by Microsoft. [3]
The SCM executable, Services.exe, runs as a Windows console program and is launched by the Wininit process early during the system startup. [2] Its main function, SvcCtrlMain(), launches all the services configured for automatic startup. First an internal database of installed services is initialized by reading the following two registry keys:
Windows XP shutdown dialog box Windows 11 power menu, opened from the Start menu To shut down or power off a computer is to remove power from a computer's main components in a controlled way. After a computer is shut down, main components such as CPUs , RAM modules and hard disk drives are powered down, although some internal components, such ...