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By one estimate, over 150 tons of regolith must be processed to obtain 1 gram (0.035 oz) of helium 3. [71] China has begun the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program for exploring the Moon and is investigating the prospect of lunar mining, specifically looking for the isotope helium-3 for use as an energy source on Earth. [72]
A number of people, starting with Gerald Kulcinski in 1986, [66] have proposed to explore the Moon, mine lunar regolith and use the helium-3 for fusion. Because of the low concentrations of helium-3, any mining equipment would need to process extremely large amounts of regolith (over 150 tonnes of regolith to obtain one gram of helium-3). [67]
Atmospheric mining is the process of extracting valuable materials or other non-renewable resources from the atmosphere. Due to the abundance of molecular hydrogen and helium in the outer planets of the Solar System , advances in technology may eventually make mining their atmospheres a favorable alternative to mining terrestrial surfaces.
Helium is a commonly used carrier gas for gas chromatography. The age of rocks and minerals that contain uranium and thorium can be estimated by measuring the level of helium with a process known as helium dating. [28] [30] Helium at low temperatures is used in cryogenics and in certain cryogenic applications.
Helium is the smallest and the lightest noble gas and one of the most unreactive elements, so it was commonly considered that helium compounds cannot exist at all, or at least under normal conditions. [1] Helium's first ionization energy of 24.57 eV is the highest of any element. [2]
The three-atom combination of helium-4 atoms is an Efimov state. [1] [2] Helium-3 is predicted to form a trimer, although ground state dimers containing helium-3 are completely unstable. [3] Helium trimer molecules have been produced by expanding cold helium gas from a nozzle into a vacuum chamber.
The following is a comparison of high-definition smartphone displays, containing information about their specific screen technology, resolution, size and pixel density.It is divided into three categories, containing smartphones with 720p, 1080p and 1440p displays.
Helium is used as a tracer because it penetrates small leaks rapidly. Helium also has the properties of being non-toxic, chemically inert and present in the atmosphere only in minute quantities (5 ppm). Typically a helium leak detector will be used to measure leaks in the range of 10 −5 to 10 −12 Pa·m 3 ·s −1.