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In coordination chemistry, a coordinate covalent bond, [1] also known as a dative bond, [2] dipolar bond, [1] or coordinate bond [3] is a kind of two-center, two-electron covalent bond in which the two electrons derive from the same atom. The bonding of metal ions to ligands involves this kind of interaction. [4]
According to the sigma bond rule, the number of sigma bonds in a molecule is equivalent to the number of atoms plus the number of rings minus one. N σ = N atoms + N rings − 1. This rule is a special-case application of the Euler characteristic of the graph which represents the molecule. A molecule with no rings can be represented as a tree ...
Sigma (σ) bonds are the strongest covalent bonds and are due to head-on overlapping of orbitals on two different atoms. A single bond is usually a σ bond. Pi (π) bonds are weaker and are due to lateral overlap between p (or d) orbitals.
The number of coordination bonds (coordination number) can vary from two in K[Ag(CN) 2] as high as 20 in Th(η 5-C 5 H 5) 4. [ 2 ] One of the most common coordination geometries is octahedral , where six ligands are coordinated to the metal in a symmetrical distribution, leading to the formation of an octahedron if lines were drawn between the ...
These electrons can come from lone pairs, pi, or sigma donors. [ 5 ] [ page needed ] The bonds formed between these ligands and the metal are dative covalent bonds , which are also known as coordinate bonds.
This allows the metal to accept the σ bonds more easily. The combination of ligand-to-metal σ-bonding and metal-to-ligand π-bonding is a synergic effect, as each enhances the other. As each of the six ligands has two orbitals of π-symmetry, there are twelve in total.
A double bond has two shared pairs of electrons, one in a sigma bond and one in a pi bond with electron density concentrated on two opposite sides of the internuclear axis. A triple bond consists of three shared electron pairs, forming one sigma and two pi bonds. An example is nitrogen.
This category is for articles about types of chemical bonds and bond properties. ... Coordinate covalent bond; Coordination geometry; ... Sigma bond; Sigma hole ...