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Sufism is the mystical branch of Islam in which Muslims seek divine love and truth through direct personal experience of God. [1] This mystic tradition within Islam developed in several stages of growth, emerging first in the form of early asceticism, based on the teachings of Hasan al-Basri, before entering the second stage of more classical mysticism of divine love, as promoted by al-Ghazali ...
His school did not survive, but his juridical thought and especially hadith transmission are highly regarded in Islam, and have influenced all the major schools. Stories of Sufyan ath-Thawri were also collected in Fariduddin Attar 's Tadhkirat al-Awliya , a collection of Sufi hagiographies compiled in the twelfth/thirteenth century.
The Arabic word tasawwuf (lit. ' 'Sufism' '), generally translated as Sufism, is commonly defined by Western authors as Islamic mysticism. [14] [15] [16] The Arabic term Sufi has been used in Islamic literature with a wide range of meanings, by both proponents and opponents of Sufism. [14]
Ibn ʿArabī (Arabic: ابن عربي, ALA-LC: Ibn ʻArabī ; full name: أبو عبد الله محـمـد بن عربي الطائي الحاتمي, Abū ʻAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʻArabī al-Ṭāʼī al-Ḥātimī; 1165–1240) [1] was an Andalusi Arab scholar, Sufi mystic, poet, and philosopher who was extremely influential within Islamic thought.
Junayd of Baghdad (Persian: جُنیدِ بَغدادی; Arabic: الجنيد البغدادي) was a Persian [4] [5] mystic and one of the most famous of the early Islamic saints. He is a central figure in the spiritual lineage of many Sufi orders .
The Sufis is one of the best known books on Sufism by the writer Idries Shah. First published in 1964 with an introduction by Robert Graves , it introduced Sufi ideas to the West in a format acceptable to non-specialists at a time when the study of Sufism had largely become the reserve of Orientalists .
Akbari Sufism or Akbarism (Arabic: أكبرية: Akbariyya) is a branch of Sufi metaphysics based on the teachings of Ibn Arabi, an Andalusian Sufi who was a gnostic and philosopher. The word is derived from Ibn Arabi 's nickname, " Shaykh al-Akbar," meaning "the greatest master."
Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya fi 'Ilm al-Tasawwuf (Arabic: الرسالة القشيرية في علم التصوف, lit. 'The Qushayriyyan Epistle on the Science of Sufism'), mostly known as al-Risala al-Qushayriyya (The Treatise of al-Qushayri), is one of the early complete manuals of the science of Sufism (tasawwuf in Arabic), written by the Shafi'i-Ash'ari scholar Abu al-Qasim al-Qushayri (d ...