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In September 1840, the Daoguang Emperor of the Qing dynasty fired Imperial Commissioner Lin Zexu and replaced him with Qishan. [2] British Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston instructed Plenipotentiary Charles Elliot to have the ports of Canton, Amoy, Fuzhou, Ningbo, and Shanghai opened for trade; to acquire the cession of at least one island (or if the Chinese refused, the establishment of a ...
The Chinese commander Lai sent a disingenuous report of victory, claiming to have sunk a two-masted English ship and inflicted at least 40 or 50 casualties. [15] This is the first of what Chinese accounts later called the "Six Smashing Blows" against the British navy.
This in turn interfered with the trade of British merchantmen in China. [3] In October 1839 a cargo ship, the Thomas Coutts, under the command of captain Warner arrived in Canton from Singapore. The ship carried cotton from Bombay, and, since the captain was not trading opium, he defied Elliot's request and signed the Chinese bond. He held a ...
By 1833, the Chinese opium trade soared to 30,000 chests. [6] British and American merchants sent opium to warehouses in the free-trade port of Canton, and sold it to Chinese smugglers. [7] [9] In 1834, the EIC's monopoly on British trade with China ceased, and the opium trade burgeoned.
As the steamers advanced, the Chinese batteries opened fire, which the British vigorously returned with shells and rockets. Modeste sailed within 300 yards (270 m) of the shore and fired broadsides before the other ships joined the cannonade. The Chinese forces made a determined resistance, but could not withstand the broadsides.
The Illustrated London News print of Nemesis during the First Opium War Nemesis and other British ships engaging Chinese junks in the Second Battle of Chuenpi, 7 January 1841 Nemesis arrived off the coast of China in late 1840, [ 3 ] although when she set sail from Liverpool it was publicly intimated that she was bound for Odessa to keep the ...
Earlier, Chinese state media said an explosion was reported at the port and shockwaves were felt a kilometre away. Yang Ming Marine Transport said a fire occurred on board the YM Mobility while it ...
Delano made a large fortune smuggling opium into Canton (now Guangzhou), China. [9] [10] Opium, a highly addictive narcotic related to heroin, was illegal in China. By the 1800s, European demand for Chinese luxury products such as silk, tea, porcelain ("china"), and furniture was immense, but Chinese demand for European products was relatively ...