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In human development, muteness or mutism [1] is defined as an absence of speech, with or without an ability to hear the speech of others. [2] Mutism is typically understood as a person's inability to speak, and commonly observed by their family members, caregivers, teachers, doctors or speech and language pathologists .
This could cause anxiety and a sense of being overwhelmed in unfamiliar situations, which may cause the child or adult to "shut down" and not be able to speak (something that some autistic people also experience). Many children or adults with selective mutism have some auditory processing difficulties. About 20–30% of children or adults with ...
Symbiotic mutism: the most common of the forms, caused by a vocal and dominating mother and absent father (very rarely the other way around) and characterized by the use of mutism as controlling behavior around other adults. Speech phobic mutism: the least common, in which the child showed distinct fear at hearing a recording of their voice.
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In some cases the cause is unknown. However, there are various known causes of speech impairments, such as hearing loss, neurological disorders, brain injury, an increase in mental strain, constant bullying, intellectual disability, substance use disorder, physical impairments such as cleft lip and palate, and vocal abuse or misuse. [12]
Selective mutism is normally discovered when the child first starts school. [3] Children may present with selective mutism due to many factors that include, anxiety, an underlying communication disorder, or past experiences. Behavioral treatment plans can be effective in bringing about the desired communication across settings.
Akinetic mutism is a medical condition where patients tend neither to move nor speak . It is the most extreme disorder of diminished motivation . Akinetic mutism was first described in 1941 as a mental state where patients lack the ability to move or speak. [ 1 ]
Various neurological and motor disorders can give rise to dysarthria. The main causes can be classified as genetic, infectious, toxic, traumatic, vascular, neoplastic, demyelinating, degenerative, or other. [7] [8] Genetic: Wilson's disease, Tay–Sachs disease, and Sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis (SANDO syndrome)