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The 1,576 kilometres (979 mi) long Kafue River is the longest river lying wholly within Zambia. [1] Its water is used for irrigation and for generating hydroelectric power . [ 2 ] It is the largest tributary of the Zambezi , [ 3 ] and of Zambia 's principal rivers, it is the most central and the most urban .
The Kafue River eventually flows into the man-made Itezhi-Tezhi Dam, forming a reservoir partially within the park. [1] An important aquatic plant is the grass Vossia cuspidata, which forms free-floating mats in the river. Aeschynomene elaphroxylon is a problematic weed near Lake Itezhi-tezhi. [9]
The Kafue River's 50 km wide floodplain, the Kafue Flats, is a 240 km long east-west barrier to road and rail connections between the centre of the country and the south. Kafue lies at the eastern end of the floodplain where the river enters the Kafue Gorge and flows down the Zambezi Escarpment into the middle Zambezi rift valley. [2]
The elevation of the Kafue River falls 40 m (130 ft) along the flats from 1,030 m (3,380 ft) at Itezhi-Tezhi to 990 m (3,250 ft) at Kafue town. The town of Mazabuka and the Nakambala sugar estate lie on the southeast edge and the small town of Namwala is situated at the southwest edge of the flats.
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The Itezhi-Tezhi Dam on the Kafue River in west-central Zambia was built between 1974 and 1977 at the Itezhi-Tezhi Gap, in a range of hills through which the river had eroded a narrow valley, leading to the broad expanse of the wetlands known as the Kafue Flats. The town of Itezhi-Tezhi is to the east side of the dam.
The Zambezi River is the province's southern border, and Lake Kariba, formed by the Kariba Dam, lies along the province's south-eastern edge. The eastern border is the Kariba Gorge and Zambezi, and the north-east border is the Kafue River, forming its border with Lusaka Province.
KGU is located on the Kafue River, approximately 95 kilometres (59 mi), by road, south of Lusaka, the capital and largest city in Zambia. [2] This is approximately 75 kilometres (47 mi) upstream of where the Kafue River empties into the Zambezi River, and approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) upstream of the Kafue Gorge Lower Power Station. [3]