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In soil science, agriculture and gardening, hardpan or soil pan is a dense layer of soil, usually found below the uppermost topsoil layer. [1] There are different types of hardpan, all sharing the general characteristic of being a distinct soil layer that is largely impervious to water. Some hardpans are formed by deposits in the soil that fuse ...
[2] [3] [4] originally manufactured by a foundry in the town of Cousances-les-Forges in northeastern France. [5] [1] The Cousances foundry began making cast iron pans in 1553. [6] Four centuries later, in 1957, the brand was acquired by Le Creuset. [7] Cookware under the Cousances brand continued to be manufactured by Le Creuset into the early ...
A soil ball with indigenous worms in soil amended a few weeks previously with bokashi fermented matter. Bokashi is a process that converts food waste and similar organic matter into a soil amendment which adds nutrients and improves soil texture. It differs from traditional composting methods in several respects. The most important are:
Dokuchaev considers the soil as a natural body having its own genesis and its own history of development, a body with complex and multiform processes taking place within it. The soil is considered as different from bedrock. The latter becomes soil under the influence of a series of soil-forming factors—climate, vegetation, country, relief and ...
Such soil also holds a reasonable supply of water and nutrients. [2] Tillage, organic matter amendments, fertilization and irrigation can each improve tilth, but when used excessively, can have the opposite effect. [2] Crop rotation and cover crops can rebuild the soil carbon sponge and positively affect tilth. A combined approach can produce ...
In general usage, the term "soil conditioner" is often thought of as a subset of the category soil amendments (or soil improvement, soil condition), which more often is understood to include a wide range of fertilizers and non-organic materials. [1] In the context of construction soil conditioning is also called soil stabilization.
A duripan is a diagnostic soil horizon of the USDA soil taxonomy that is cemented by illuvial silica into a subsurface hardpan. Similar to a fragipan, Petrocalcic Horizon and petrogypsic horizon, it is firmly cemented and restricts soil management. In soil descriptions, they are most often denoted by the symbol Bqm.
Organic matter soil amendments have been known by farmers to be beneficial to plant growth for longer than recorded history. [29] However, the chemistry and function of the organic matter have been a subject of controversy since humans began postulating about it in the 18th century.