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A. H. Arden, A progressive grammar of the Tamil language, 5th edition, 1942. Schiffman, Harold F. (1998). A Reference Grammar of Spoken Tamil (PDF). Cambridge University Press. pp. 20– 21. ISBN 978-0-521-64074-9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2024. Lehmann, Thomas. A Grammar of Modern Tamil. Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics ...
comparison of grammar taught in Tolkappiyam versus the grammar found in the oldest known Tamil-Brahmi and old-Tamil inscriptions [7] [21] comparison of grammar taught in Tolkappiyam versus the grammar found in the oldest known Tamil texts (Sangam era); [ 21 ] [ 28 ] this evidence covers items such as phonemic shapes, palatals, and the evolution ...
The earliest long text in Old Tamil is the Tolkāppiyam, an early work on Tamil grammar and poetics, whose oldest layers could be as old as the late 2nd century BCE. [37] [18] Many literary works in Old Tamil have also survived. These include a corpus of 2,381 poems collectively known as Sangam literature. These poems are usually dated to ...
The Tamil script (தமிழ் அரிச்சுவடி Tamiḻ ariccuvaṭi [tamiɻ ˈaɾitːɕuʋaɽi]) is an abugida script that is used by Tamils and Tamil speakers in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore and elsewhere to write the Tamil language. [5]
Tamil Lexicon (Tamil: தமிழ்ப் பேரகராதி Tamiḻ Pērakarāti) is a twelve-volume dictionary of the Tamil language. Published by the University of Madras , it is said to be the most comprehensive dictionary of the Tamil language to date.
Ullurai (Tamil உள்ளுறை uḷḷuṟai literally, "inner meaning") is a type of extended allusion or metaphor used in classical Tamil poetry. Five types of ullurai are described in the Tolkappiyam, an early treatise on grammar and poetics. These are uṭaṉuṟai, uvamam, cuṭṭu, nakai and cirappu. [1]
The term grammar can also describe the linguistic behaviour of groups of speakers and writers rather than individuals. Differences in scale are important to this meaning: for example, English grammar could describe those rules followed by every one of the language's speakers. [2]
Sanskrit also influenced Tamil grammar, in the increased use of cases and in declined nouns becoming adjuncts of verbs, [30] and phonology. [31] The Tamil script also changed in the period of Middle Tamil. Tamil Brahmi and Vaṭṭeḻuttu, into which it evolved, were the main