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Much of Tamil grammar is extensively described in the oldest available grammar book for Tamil, the Tolkāppiyam (dated between 300 BCE and 300 CE). Modern Tamil writing is largely based on the 13th century grammar Naṉṉūl , which restated and clarified the rules of the Tolkāppiyam with some modifications.
Naṉṉūl (Tamil: நன்னூல்) is a work on Tamil grammar written by a Jain ascetic [1] Pavananthi Munivar around 13th century CE. [2] It is the most significant work on Tamil grammar after Tolkāppiyam. [2] The work credits Western Ganga vassal king Seeya Gangan of Kolar with patronising it. [3] [4]
The Tamil script (தமிழ் அரிச்சுவடி Tamiḻ ariccuvaṭi [tamiɻ ˈaɾitːɕuʋaɽi]) is an abugida script that is used by Tamils and Tamil speakers in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore and elsewhere to write the Tamil language. [5]
Agattiyam (Tamil: அகத்தியம் ⓘ), also spelled as Akattiyam, [1] according to Tamil tradition, was the earliest book on Tamil grammar.It is a non-extant text, traditionally believed to have been compiled and taught in the First Sangam, (circa 300 BC) by Agattiyar (Agastya) to twelve students.
Tiru (Tamil: திரு), [9] also rendered Thiru, is a Tamil honorific prefix used while addressing adult males and is the equivalent of the English "Mr" or the French "Monsieur". The female equivalent of the term is tirumati .
Vatteluttu probably started developing from Tamil-Brahmi from around the 4th or 5th century AD. [2] [9] [10] The earliest forms of the script have been traced to memorial stone inscriptions from the 4th century AD. [2] It is distinctly attested in a number of inscriptions in Tamil Nadu from the 6th century AD. [4]
The rules of pronunciation given in the Tolkāppiyam, a text on the grammar of old Tamil, says that the āytam in old Tamil patterned with semivowels and it occurred after a short vowel and before a stop; it either lengthened the previous vowel, geminated the stop or was lost if the following segment is phonetically voiced in the environment. [25]
Veṇpā is a closely related family of very strict [6] Tamil verse forms. They differ chiefly in the number of standard lines that occur before the final short line. In kuṟaḷ-veṇpā (or simply "kural") a single 4-foot ("standard") line is followed by a final 3-foot ("short") line, resulting in a 7-foot couplet. [7]