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Sodium perchlorate is the precursor to ammonium, potassium and lithium perchlorate salts, often taking advantage of their low solubility in water relative to NaClO 4 (209 g/(100 mL) at 25 °C). [ 6 ] It is used for denaturating proteins in biochemistry and in standard DNA extraction and hybridization reactions in molecular biology .
Perchlorate salts are typically manufactured through the process of electrolysis, which involves oxidizing aqueous solutions of corresponding chlorates.This technique is commonly employed in the production of sodium perchlorate, which finds widespread use as a key ingredient in rocket fuel. [5]
Sodium perchlorate – NaClO 4; Sodium periodate – NaIO 4; Sodium permanganate – NaMnO 4; Sodium peroxide – Na 2 O 2; Sodium peroxycarbonate – Na 2 CO 4; Sodium perrhenate – NaReO 4; Sodium persulfate – Na 2 S 2 O 8; Sodium phosphate; see trisodium phosphate – Na 3 PO 4; Sodium selenate – Na 2 O 4 Se; Sodium selenide – Na 2 Se ...
The names "caffeine" and "3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione" both signify the same chemical compound. The systematic name encodes the structure and composition of the caffeine molecule in some detail, and provides an unambiguous reference to this compound, whereas the name "caffeine" simply names it.
Chemical nomenclature is a set of rules to generate systematic names for chemical compounds.The nomenclature used most frequently worldwide is the one created and developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
For example, NaC 6 H 5 CO 2, the sodium salt of benzoic acid (C 6 H 5 COOH), is called sodium benzoate. Where an acid has both a systematic and a common name (like CH 3 COOH, for example, which is known as both acetic acid and as ethanoic acid), its salts can be named from either parent name.
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These fragments were then used as building blocks in the structure generator. This structure generator was part of a CASE system, ESESOC. [23] Breadth-first search generation. Molecular structure generation is explained step by step. Starting from a set of atoms, bonds are added between atom pairs until reaching saturated structures.