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Several hundred thousand women served in combat roles, especially in anti-aircraft units. The Soviet Union integrated women directly into their army units; approximately one million served in the Red Army, including about at least 50,000 on the frontlines; Bob Moore noted that "the Soviet Union was the only major power to use women in front-line roles," [2]: 358, 485 The United States, by ...
By 1945 there were 4.7 million women in clerical positions - this was an 89% increase from women with this occupation prior to World War II. [8] In addition, there were 4.5 million women working as factory operatives - this was a 112% increase since before the war. [8] The aviation industry saw the highest increase in female workers during the war.
Rosie the Riveter (Westinghouse poster, 1942). The image became iconic in the 1980s. American women in World War II became involved in many tasks they rarely had before; as the war involved global conflict on an unprecedented scale, the absolute urgency of mobilizing the entire population made the expansion of the role of women inevitable.
Women in World War II took on various roles from country to country. World War II involved global conflict on an unprecedented scale; the absolute urgency of mobilizing the entire population made the expansion of the role of women inevitable. Rosie the Riveter became an emblem of women's dedication to traditional male labor. [4]
[4] [1] By 1943 the factory was producing 400 engines a week but equal pay had not been achieved; women workers received 43 shillings (£2.15) per week while men received 73 shillings (£3.65). [ 1 ] [ 5 ] An industrial tribunal ruled that Rolls-Royce had broken the Extended Employment Agreement and reached a settlement with the company. [ 2 ]
Parker, Dana T. Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II, Cypress, CA, 2013. ISBN 978-0-9897906-0-4. Regis, Margaret. When Our Mothers Went to War: An Illustrated History of Women in World War II. Seattle: NavPublishing, 2008. ISBN 978-1-879932-05-0. "Rosie the Riveter" Redd Evans and John Jacob Loeb.
During World War I and World War II, the primary role of women shifted towards employment in munitions factories, agriculture and food rationing, and other areas to fill the gaps left by men who had been drafted into the military. One of the most notable changes during World War II was the inclusion of many of women in regular military units.
The historiography of "ordinary" German women in Nazi Germany has changed significantly over time; studies done just after World War II tended to see them as additional victims of Nazi oppression. However, during the late 20th century, historians began to argue that German women were able to influence the course of the regime and even the war.