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Bile acid malabsorption (BAM), known also as bile acid diarrhea, is a cause of several gut-related problems, the main one being chronic diarrhea.It has also been called bile acid-induced diarrhea, cholerheic or choleretic enteropathy, bile salt diarrhea or bile salt malabsorption.
Malabsorption is a state arising from abnormality in absorption of food nutrients across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Impairment can be of single or multiple nutrients depending on the abnormality.
Short bowel syndrome (SBS, or simply short gut) is a rare malabsorption disorder caused by a lack of functional small intestine. [3] The primary symptom is diarrhea, which can result in dehydration, malnutrition, and weight loss. [1]
Treatment strategies should focus on identifying and correcting the root causes, where possible, resolving nutritional deficiencies, and administering antibiotics. This is especially important for patients with indigestion and malabsorption. [4] Although whether antibiotics should be a first line treatment is a matter of debate.
More recent studies of adults with autoimmune enteropathy expanded the criteria to include prolonged diarrhea (lasting longer than six weeks) accompanied by malabsorption, diminished intraepithelial lymphocytosis, deep crypt lymphocytosis, increased crypt apoptotic bodies, and the exclusion of other causes of villous atrophy; each of the ...
Treatment targets nutritional support, improving intestinal motility, and minimizing surgical intervention. [4] Bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine can occur in chronic cases – presenting as malabsorption, diarrhea, and nutrient deficiencies [12] – which may require the use of antibiotics.
Impaired digestion or absorption can result in fatty stools. Possible causes include exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, with poor digestion from lack of lipases, loss of bile salts, which reduces micelle formation, and small intestinal disease-producing malabsorption. Various other causes include certain medicines that block fat absorption or ...
Diagnosis is confirmed through low serum vitamin E levels, and treatment involves dietary supplementation with vitamin E and (if possible) addressing the underlying cause of malabsorption. Vitamin E is also generally used interchangeably with α-tocopherol, and so α-tocopherol deficiency refers to the same syndrome.