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Rubbing alcohol, also known as surgical spirit in some regions, refers to a group of denatured alcohols commonly used as topical antiseptics. These solutions are primarily composed of either isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol) or ethanol , with isopropyl alcohol being the more widely available formulation.
Alcohol rub sanitizers kill most bacteria, and fungi, and stop some viruses. Alcohol rub sanitizers containing at least 70% alcohol (mainly ethyl alcohol) kill 99.9% of the bacteria on hands 30 seconds after application and 99.99% to 99.999% [note 1] in one minute. [30]
A hand sanitizer or hand antiseptic is a non-water-based hand hygiene agent. In the late 1990s and early part of the 21st century, alcohol rub non-water-based hand hygiene agents (also known as alcohol-based hand rubs, antiseptic hand rubs, or hand sanitizers) began to gain popularity.
“Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are not considered to work well against norovirus, which is a very hardy virus due to its structural features,” Dr. Adalja says. ... Lather your hands by rubbing ...
Other viruses have a fat-based outer layer called called an envelope, which is more easily broken down by alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Norovirus, on the other hand, is a non-enveloped virus.
“The alcohol in them can’t just penetrate and disrupt this virus,” says William Schaffner, M.D., an infectious disease specialist and professor at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.
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