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Although desertification has been curbed in some areas, it is still expanding at a rate of more than 67 km 2 every year. 90% of China's desertification occurs in the west of the country. [27] Approximately 30% of China's surface area is desert. China's rapid industrialization could cause this area to drastically increase.
South America is another area vulnerable by desertification, as 25% of the land is classified as drylands [73] and over 68% of the land area has undergone soil erosion as a result of deforestation and overgrazing. [74] 27 to 43% of the land areas in Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador and Peru are at risk due to desertification. In Argentina, Mexico and ...
Soil erosion is the main factor for soil degradation and is due to several mechanisms: water erosion, wind erosion, chemical degradation and physical degradation. Erosion can be influenced by human activity. For example, roads which increase impermeable surfaces lead to streaming and ground loss.
[13] [4] Erosion of soil becomes a bigger problem, since no longer are there as many plants to anchor in the soil. In the northern Chinese province alone, 400 million are affected every year with an associated 54 billion yuan of annual economic loss due to grassland degradation.
In total, nearly 16.1% of China's soil was polluted. [79] These pollutions have caused a serious impact on the growth of crops and the health of the people. [ 80 ] In terms of related policies, the Chinese government decided to draw on the successful examples of other countries and integrate China's national conditions to maintain long-term ...
Deforestation in China's Loess Plateau many years ago has led to soil erosion; this erosion has led to valleys opening up. The increase of soil in the runoff causes the Yellow River to flood and makes it yellow-colored. [207] Greater erosion is not always a consequence of deforestation, as observed in the southwestern regions of the US.
[34] [35] There is growing evidence that tillage erosion is a major soil erosion process in agricultural lands, surpassing water and wind erosion in many fields all around the world, especially on sloping and hilly lands [36] [37] [38] A signature spatial pattern of soil erosion shown in many water erosion handbooks and pamphlets, the eroded ...
The full title of Target 15.3 is: "By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world." [1] This target has one indicator: Indicator 15.3.1 is the "Proportion of land that is degraded over the total land area". [5]