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In Europe and Asia, ethylene is obtained mainly from cracking naphtha, gasoil and condensates with the coproduction of propylene, C4 olefins and aromatics (pyrolysis gasoline). [30] Other technologies employed for the production of ethylene include Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and methanol-to-olefins (MTO). [31]
Wacker process. The Wacker process or the Hoechst-Wacker process (named after the chemical companies of the same name) refers to the oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde in the presence of palladium (II) chloride and copper (II) chloride as the catalyst. [1] This chemical reaction was one of the first homogeneous catalysis with organopalladium ...
Ethylene oxide was first reported in 1859 by the French chemist Charles-Adolphe Wurtz, [15] who prepared it by treating 2-chloroethanol with potassium hydroxide: + + + Wurtz measured the boiling point of ethylene oxide as 13.5 °C (56.3 °F), slightly higher than the present value, and discovered the ability of ethylene oxide to react with acids and salts of metals. [16]
Ethylene glycol (IUPAC name: ethane-1,2-diol) is an organic compound (a vicinal diol [7]) with the formula (CH2OH)2. It is mainly used for two purposes: as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations. It is an odorless, colorless, flammable, viscous liquid.
The Haworth synthesis is a classic method for the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this reaction, an arene is reacted with succinic anhydride, the subsequent product is then reduced in either a Clemmensen reduction or a Wolff-Kishner reduction. Lastly, a second Friedel-Crafts acylation takes place with addition of acid.
Polyethylene or polythene (abbreviated PE; IUPAC name polyethene or poly (methylene)) is the most commonly produced plastic. [7] It is a polymer, primarily used for packaging (plastic bags, plastic films, geomembranes and containers including bottles, cups, jars, etc.).
The Ziegler alcohol synthesis involves oligomerization of ethylene using triethylaluminium followed by oxidation. [2] The triethylaluminium is produced by action of aluminium, ethylene, and hydrogen gas. In the production process, two-thirds of the triethylaluminium produced is recycled back into the reactor, and only one-third is used to ...
Ring-closing metathesis (RCM) is a widely used variation of olefin metathesis in organic chemistry for the synthesis of various unsaturated rings via the intramolecular metathesis of two terminal alkenes, which forms the cycloalkene as the E- or Z- isomers and volatile ethylene. [1][2] Ring-closing metathesis. (.