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In general, the higher your PSA level and the lower your free PSA level, the greater your risk of having prostate cancer. Ranges are determined by age.
Generally speaking, though, PSA levels for men who are: Age 60 or older: should be at or below 4.0 mg/mL; Age 59 or younger: should be at or below 2.5 mg/mL; The average PSA for men in the younger group is <1.0 mg/mL. Why are my PSA levels elevated? Your PSA levels could be elevated for many reasons.
Percentage of free PSA. PSA circulates in the blood in two forms — either attached to certain blood proteins or unattached (free). If you have a high PSA level but a low percentage of free PSA , it may be more likely that you have prostate cancer.
Free PSA ranges can vary, but generally, a higher ratio of free PSA to total PSA indicates a lower risk of prostate cancer.
The 4Kscore test takes into account four different prostate-specific biomarkers, namely, total PSA, free PSA, intact PSA, and human kallikrein 2, as well as the patient’s age, prior biopsy history, and DRE status to assess the risk of aggressive prostate cancer in someone with an abnormal screening result.
Doctors will consider your age and the size of your prostate when determining what your PSA score means. In general: For men in their 40s and 50s: A PSA score greater than 2.5 ng/ml is considered abnormal. The median PSA for this age range is 0.6 to 0.7 ng/ml.
Free PSA test (measures PSA not bound to proteins in blood; <10% Free PSA indicates greater risk of having cancer; 10-20% is borderline) PSA velocity, or the rate of rise over time (faster increase means more risk) PSA density, or the PSA per volume of prostate (higher density means more risk)