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  2. Acid–base extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidbase_extraction

    A separatory funnel is commonly used to perform an acid-base extraction. [3] Acid-base extraction utilizes the difference in solubility of a compound in its acid or base form to induce separation. [4] Typically, the desired compound is changed into its charged acid or base form, causing it to become soluble in aqueous solution and thus be ...

  3. Separatory funnel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separatory_funnel

    The tap-controlled outlet is designed to drain the liquid out of the funnel. On top of the funnel there is a standard taper joint which fits with a ground glass or Teflon stopper. [4] To use a separating funnel, the two phases and the mixture to be separated in solution are added through the top with the stopcock at the bottom closed.

  4. Extraction (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraction_(chemistry)

    Laboratory-scale liquid-liquid extraction. Photograph of a separatory funnel in a laboratory scale extraction of 2 immiscible liquids: liquids are a diethyl ether upper phase, and a lower aqueous phase. Soxhlet extractor. Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix. The distribution ...

  5. Countercurrent distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countercurrent_distribution

    Countercurrent distribution is a separation process that is founded on the principles of liquid–liquid extraction where a chemical compound is distributed (partitioned) between two immiscible liquid phases (oil and water for example) according to its relative solubility in the two phases.

  6. Work-up - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work-up

    The desired product, benzoic acid (3), is obtained by the following work-up: [2] Synthesis of benzoic acid with work-up step in red. The reaction mixture containing the Grignard reagent is allowed to warm to room temperature in a water bath to allow excess dry ice to evaporate. Any remaining Grignard reagent is quenched by the addition of water.

  7. Büchner funnel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Büchner_funnel

    A Büchner funnel is a piece of laboratory equipment used in filtration. [1] It is traditionally made of porcelain , but glass and plastic funnels are also available. On top of the funnel-shaped part there is a cylinder with a fritted glass disc/perforated plate separating it from the funnel.

  8. Liquid–liquid extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid–liquid_extraction

    A separatory funnel used for liquid–liquid extraction, as evident by the two immiscible liquids.. Liquid–liquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar).

  9. Laboratory funnel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_funnel

    A funnel for hot filtration Two funnels, A - a simple stemmed funnel. B - a ground glass powder funnel. Plain funnels exist in various dimensions, with longer or shorter necks. Filter funnels have a neck of a thin capillary tube and ribs which increase the filter-papers' effectiveness and thus accelerate the process of filtering. [1]

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