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When both hands are affected, the rash looks different on each hand, with palmer creases appearing whitish if the infection has been present for a long time. [5] It can be itchy and look slightly raised. [5] Nails may also be affected. [5] The most common cause is Trichophyton rubrum. [2]
The type of fungus involved may vary in different parts of the world; for example, Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum are common in New Zealand. [7] Less commonly Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton verrucosum are involved. [8] Trichophyton interdigitale has also been implicated. [5]
A 2002 study looking at 445 samples of dermatophytes in patients in Goiânia, Brazil found the most prevalent type to be Trichophyton rubrum (49.4%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (30.8%), and Microsporum canis (12.6%). [36]
Infection may become chronic and widespread if the host has a compromised immune system and is receiving treatment that reduces T-lymphocyte function. [8] Also, the responsible species for chronic infections in both normal and immunocompromised patients tends to be Trichophyton rubrum; immune response tends to be hyporeactive. [8]
Topical antifungal treatment, such as the use of terbinafine, itraconazole, voriconazole, and ketoconazole, is often effective. [5] E. floccosum is one of the 2 species in the genus Epidermophyton. [6] [7] During the 20th century, this species was the fourth most common cause of dermatophytosis in North America. [8]
Trichophyton is a genus of fungi, which includes the parasitic varieties that cause tinea, including athlete's foot, ringworm, jock itch, and similar infections of the nail, beard, skin and scalp. Trichophyton fungi are molds characterized by the development of both smooth-walled macro- and microconidia .
Trichophyton rubrum is a dermatophytic fungus in the phylum Ascomycota. It is an exclusively clonal, [ 2 ] anthropophilic saprotroph that colonizes the upper layers of dead skin, and is the most common cause of athlete's foot , fungal infection of nail, jock itch , and ringworm worldwide. [ 3 ]
Two feet-one hand syndrome (TFOHS), is a long-term fungal condition where athlete's foot or fungal toe nail infections in both feet is associated with tinea manuum in one hand. [ 3 ] [ 7 ] Often the feet are affected for several years before symptoms of a diffuse scaling rash on the palm of one hand appear, which is when most affected people ...