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This ratio is known as the stadia constant or stadia interval factor. Thus the formula for distance is D = kS. where D is distance from the telescope to the rod; k is the stadia constant; S is the difference between the rod readings at the two stadia marks; For example, a typical stadia mark pair are set so that the ratio is 100.
Stadiametric rangefinding, or the stadia method, is a technique of measuring distances with a telescopic instrument.The term stadia comes from a Greek unit of length Stadion (equal to 600 Greek feet, pous) which was the typical length of a sports stadium of the time.
In both parts of the pattern, the squares, lines or spaces are precisely one centimetre high. When viewed through an instrument's telescope, the observer can visually interpolate a 1 cm mark to a tenth of its height, yielding a reading with precision in mm. Usually readings are recorded with millimetre precision. On this side of the rod, the ...
The level line of sight is 2. The surveyor looks through the eyepiece of telescope while an assistant holds a vertical level staff which is graduated in inches or centimeters. The level staff is placed vertically using a level, with its foot on the point for which the level measurement is required.
The reticle features a stadiametric rangefinder, ranging out to 400 meters and a single chevron as an aiming point with vertical stadia lines for a windage hold. [6] The PSO-1M2-1 has also been made in a version for the 7.62×39mm intermediate cartridge, which has the range drum marked for up to 1,000 meters. This version has a 400 m stadia ...
Traditionally the instrument was completely adjusted manually to ensure a level line of sight, but modern automatic versions self-compensate for slight errors in the coarse levelling of the instrument, and are thereby quicker to use. The optical level should not be confused with a theodolite, which can also measure angles in the vertical plane.
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A reticle, or reticule [1] [2] also known as a graticule, is a pattern of fine lines or markings built into the eyepiece of an optical device such as a telescopic sight, spotting scope, theodolite, optical microscope or the screen of an oscilloscope, to provide measurement references during visual inspections.