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There has been a persistent belief that the Library of Alexandria and its contents were destroyed in 642 during the Arab invasion. [ 19 ] [ 18 ] The Lighthouse was destroyed by earthquakes in the 14th century, [ 22 ] and by 1700 the city was just a small town amidst the ruins.
Alexandria also functioned as one of Byzantium's primary army and naval bases, as there was normally a significant imperial garrison stationed in the city. [5] Though with the loss of Jerusalem in 638, much of Roman attention was drawn towards strengthening their hold on the frontier, chiefly in Anatolia and Egypt.
The expulsion of the Jews from Alexandria, in 414 or 415 under the leadership of Saint Cyril. Around 100,000 Jews expelled—another Pogrom or "Alexandria Expulsion". [1] [2] 619 – City besieged; Sassanid Persians in power. 641–642 – City besieged; Arabs in power; [3] capital of Egypt relocates from Alexandria to Fustat.
Inconclusive due to Arab-Berber Invasion. Umayyad conquest of Hispania (710–780) Part of Early Muslim conquests; Location: Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean Sea Visigothic Kingdom: Umayyad Caliphate: Umayyad victory Start of Spanish Reconquista. Umayyad invasion of Gaul (719–759) Campaign of Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah al-Ghafiqi. Combat ...
The Arab conquest of Egypt, led by the army of Amr ibn al-As, took place between 639 and 642 AD and was overseen by the Rashidun Caliphate. [1] It ended the seven-century-long Roman period in Egypt that had begun in 30 BC and, more broadly, the Greco-Roman period that had lasted about a millennium.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 11 February 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...
The historian al-Tabari transmits a tradition attributed to Caliph Uthman, who stated that the road to Constantinople was through Hispania, "Only through Spain can Constantinople be conquered. If you conquer [Spain] you will share the reward of those who conquer [Constantinople]". The conquest of Hispania followed the conquest of the Maghreb. [7]
Spain was put under a British blockade, and her colonies began to trade independently with Britain, but Britain invaded and was defeated in the British invasions of the Río de la Plata in South America (1806 and 1807) without help from mainland Spain, which emboldened independence and revolutionary hopes in Spain's American colonies.