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  2. Succinic anhydride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinic_anhydride

    Succinic anhydride hydrolyzes readily to give succinic acid: (CH 2 CO) 2 O + H 2 O → (CH 2 CO 2 H) 2. With alcohols (ROH), a similar reaction occurs, delivering the monoester: (CH 2 CO) 2 O + ROH → RO 2 CCH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H. Succinic anhydride is used in acylations under Friedel-Crafts conditions, as illustrated by the industrial route to the ...

  3. Aminolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminolysis

    Another common example is the reaction of a primary amine or secondary amine with a carboxylic acid or with a carboxylic acid derivative to form an amide. This reaction is widely used, especially in the synthesis of peptides. On the simple addition of an amine to a carboxylic acid, a salt of the organic acid and base is obtained.

  4. N-Hydroxysuccinimide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Hydroxysuccinimide

    A common way to synthesize an NHS-activated acid is to mix NHS with the desired carboxylic acid and a small amount of an organic base in an anhydrous solvent. A coupling reagent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) is then added to form a highly reactive activated acid intermediate.

  5. Mannich reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannich_reaction

    In organic chemistry, the Mannich reaction is a three-component organic reaction that involves the amino alkylation of an acidic proton next to a carbonyl (C=O) functional group by formaldehyde (H−CHO) and a primary or secondary amine (−NH 2) or ammonia (NH 3). [1] The final product is a β-amino-carbonyl compound also known as a Mannich base.

  6. Alkenylsuccinic anhydrides - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkenylsuccinic_anhydrides

    The patent describes the reaction of the alkenes with excess maleic anhydride at 200 °C in an autoclave. The excess alkene is removed by distillation in vacuo, the resulting alkenyl succinic anhydride hydrolyzed with dilute sodium hydroxide solution and the disodium salt reacted with an acid to achieve an alkenebutanedioic acid.

  7. Succinic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinic_acid

    Succinic acid (/ s ə k ˈ s ɪ n ɪ k /) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH 2) 2 (CO 2 H) 2. [5] In living organisms, succinic acid takes the form of an anion, succinate, which has multiple biological roles as a metabolic intermediate being converted into fumarate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase in complex 2 of the electron transport chain which is involved in making ...

  8. Polylysine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylysine

    In 2010, hydrophobically modified ε-polylysine was synthesized by reacting EPL with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA). [14] It was found that OSA-g-EPLs had glass transition temperatures lower than EPL. They were able to form polymer micelles in water and to lower the surface tension of water, confirming their amphiphilic properties.

  9. Mannich base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannich_base

    A Mannich base is a beta-amino-ketone, which is formed in the reaction of an amine, formaldehyde (or an aldehyde) and a carbon acid. [1] The Mannich base is an endproduct in the Mannich reaction, which is nucleophilic addition reaction of a non-enolizable aldehyde and any primary or secondary amine to produce resonance stabilized imine (iminium ion or imine salt).