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A contactor is a heavy-duty relay with higher current ratings, [21] used for switching electric motors and lighting loads. Continuous current ratings for common contactors range from 10 amps to several hundred amps. High-current contacts are made with alloys containing silver.
Normally closed mercury relay, with coil around top of tube and adjustable angle. A mercury relay (mercury displacement relay, mercury contactor) is a relay that uses mercury as the switching element. They are used as high-current switches or contactors, where contact erosion from constant cycling would be a problem for conventional relay contacts.
When relay contacts open to interrupt a high current with an inductive load, a voltage spike will result, striking an arc across the contacts. If the voltage is high enough, an arc may be struck even without an inductive load. Regardless of how the arc forms, it will persist until the current through the arc falls to the point too low to ...
A high-voltage disconnect switch used in an electrical substation. Such switches are used mostly to isolate circuits, and usually cannot break load current. High-voltage switches are available for the highest transmission voltages, up to 1 million volts. This switch is gang-operated so that all three phases are interrupted at the same time.
A "double pole double throw" (DPDT) relay can generally achieve the same electrical functionality as an H-bridge (considering the usual function of the device). However a semiconductor-based H-bridge would be preferable to the relay where a smaller physical size, high speed switching, or low driving voltage (or low driving power) is needed, or ...
When the load is controlled from only two points, single pole, double throw (SPDT) switches are used. Double pole, double throw (DPDT) switches allow control from three or more locations. In alternative designs, low-voltage relay or electronic controls can be used to switch electrical loads, sometimes without the extra power wires.
Electromechanical relays are ideal for high-voltage, high-current, and RF applications. A latching feature makes the latching relay type very appropriate for low-voltage applications where contact potential can interfere with the measurement. Reed relays have actuation times of 0.5 ms to 2 ms and long life.
Typical contact elements of an electromechanical relay or contactor. A “contact” is a pair of electrodes (typically, one moving; one stationary) designed to control electricity. Electromechanical switches, relays, and contactors “turn power on” when the moving electrode makes contact with the stationary electrode to carry current.
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