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English: The Black Death spread rapidly along the major European sea and land trade routes. Spread of bubonic plague in medieval Europe. The colors indicate the spatial distribution of plague outbreaks over time. Spread of plague in the 1340s: 1347 mid-1348 early-1349 late-1349 Areas that escaped with minor plague outbreak.
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as 50 million people [2] perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. [3] The disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas and through the air.
Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. [1] One to seven days after exposure to the bacteria, flu-like symptoms develop. [1] These symptoms include fever, headaches, and vomiting, [1] as well as swollen and painful lymph nodes occurring in the area closest to where the bacteria entered the skin. [2]
The Plague of Justinian in AD 541–542 is the first known attack on record, and marks the first firmly recorded pattern of bubonic plague. This disease is thought to have originated in China. [ 19 ] It then spread to Africa from where the huge city of Constantinople imported massive amounts of grain, mostly from Egypt, to feed its citizens.
The Paris Concilium was written about the plague. The Black Death made it much more difficult for the kingdom to pay the war subsidy that had been agreed in late 1347. [10] By the second half of 1349, France's spending on war had decreased as the Black Death had spread to England by this point and led to a pause in fighting. [11]
The Black Death: Natural and Human Disaster in Medieval Europe (Simon & Schuster, 2010) Hatcher, John. Plague, Population, and the English Economy, 1348–1530 (1977). Herlihy, David. The Black Death and the Transformation of the West (1997). Hilton, R. H. The English Peasantry in the Late Middle Ages (Oxford: Clarendon, 1974) Horrox, Rosemay, ed.
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The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the second pandemic , caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria . The term Black Death was not used until the late 17th century.