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1. The first stage of the process is to identify the full range of sub-tasks that a system operator would be required to complete within a given task.
The next, "corrector" step refines the initial approximation by using the predicted value of the function and another method to interpolate that unknown function's value at the same subsequent point. Predictor–corrector methods for solving ODEs
THERP is a first-generation methodology, which means that its procedures follow the way conventional reliability analysis models a machine. [3] The technique was developed in the Sandia Laboratories for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. [4]
Suppose we have a continuous differential equation ′ = (,), =, and we wish to compute an approximation of the true solution () at discrete time steps ,, …,.For simplicity, assume the time steps are equally spaced:
Let us now apply Euler's method again with a different step size to generate a second approximation to y(t n+1). We get a second solution, which we label with a (). Take the new step size to be one half of the original step size, and apply two steps of Euler's method. This second solution is presumably more accurate.
How to Solve It suggests the following steps when solving a mathematical problem: . First, you have to understand the problem. [2]After understanding, make a plan. [3]Carry out the plan.
The analysis of errors computed using the global positioning system is important for understanding how GPS works, and for knowing what magnitude errors should be expected.
When the model has been estimated over all available data with none held back, the MSPE of the model over the entire population of mostly unobserved data can be estimated as follows.