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A falling-film column (or wetted-wall column) is a kind of laboratory equipment used to achieve mass and heat transfer between two fluid phases (in general one gas phase and one liquid phase). It consists of a vertical tube-shaped vessel: the liquid stream flows downwards through the inner wall of the tube and the gas stream flows up through of ...
Hydrostatic water pressure: resulting from the weight of material above the point measured. Osmotic pressure: inhomogeneous aggregation of ion concentrations, which causes a force in water particles as they attract by the molecular laws of attraction. Absorption pressure: attraction of surrounding soil particles to one another by adsorbed water ...
The Porous Plate Method is an accurate way to understand capillary pressure relationships in fluid-air systems. In this process, a sample saturated with water is placed on a flat plate, also saturated with water, inside a gas chamber. Gas is injected at increasing pressures, thus displacing the water through the plate.
Cloth, treated to be hydrophobic, shows a high contact angle. The theoretical description of contact angle arises from the consideration of a thermodynamic equilibrium between the three phases: the liquid phase (L), the solid phase (S), and the gas or vapor phase (G) (which could be a mixture of ambient atmosphere and an equilibrium concentration of the liquid vapor).
The gas velocities are lower and the liquid-to-gas ratios are higher for absorption. For a given venturi design, if the gas velocity is decreased, then the pressure drop (resistance to flow) will also decrease and vice versa. Therefore, by reducing pressure drop, the gas velocity is decreased and the corresponding residence time is increased.
Wetting is the ability of a liquid to displace gas to maintain contact with a solid surface, resulting from intermolecular interactions when the two are brought together. [1] These interactions occur in the presence of either a gaseous phase or another liquid phase not miscible with the wetting liquid.
where is the sum over the participating pressures, such as the atmospheric pressure , the hydrostatic pressure and the equivalent pressure due to capillary forces . η {\displaystyle \eta } is the viscosity of the liquid, and ϵ {\displaystyle \epsilon } is the coefficient of slip, which is assumed to be 0 for wetting materials.
The change in pressure over distance dx is dp and flow velocity v = dx / dt . Apply Newton's second law of motion (force = mass × acceleration) and recognizing that the effective force on the parcel of fluid is −A dp. If the pressure decreases along the length of the pipe, dp is negative but the force resulting in flow is positive ...