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  2. Recall bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recall_bias

    Recall bias is a type of measurement bias, and can be a methodological issue in research involving interviews or questionnaires. In this case, it could lead to misclassification of various types of exposure . [ 2 ]

  3. Information bias (epidemiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_bias...

    The effect(s) of such misclassification can vary from an overestimation to an underestimation of the true value. [4] Statisticians have developed methods to adjust for this type of bias, which may assist somewhat in compensating for this problem when known and when it is quantifiable. [5]

  4. Berkson error model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkson_error_model

    This statistics -related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

  5. Reporting bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporting_bias

    Reporting bias occurs when the dissemination of research findings is influenced by the nature and direction of the results, for instance in systematic reviews. [5] [6] Positive results is a commonly used term to describe a study finding that one intervention is better than another. [citation needed]

  6. Internal validity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_validity

    For example, sex, weight, hair, eye, and skin color, personality, mental capabilities, and physical abilities, but also attitudes like motivation or willingness to participate. During the selection step of the research study, if an unequal number of test subjects have similar subject-related variables there is a threat to the internal validity.

  7. Differential effects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_effects

    Second, the difference-in-differences (DID) method with a parallel trend assumption (2 groups would show a parallel trend if neither of them experienced the treatment effect) is a useful method to reduce the impact of extraneous factors and selection bias. [3] The differential effect of treatments (DET) was explored using several examples and ...

  8. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    However, this kind of confirmation bias has also been argued to be an example of social skill; a way to establish a connection with the other person. [9] Although this research overwhelmingly involves human subjects, some studies have found bias in non-human animals as well.

  9. Matching (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matching_(statistics)

    The goal of matching is to reduce bias for the estimated treatment effect in an observational-data study, by finding, for every treated unit, one (or more) non-treated unit(s) with similar observable characteristics against which the covariates are balanced out (similar to the K-nearest neighbors algorithm).