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Onychauxis presents with thickened nails without deformity, and this simple thickening may be the result of trauma, acromegaly, Darier's disease, psoriasis, or pityriasis rubra pilaris, or, in some cases, hereditary. [1]: 783 [2] It may appear as loss of nail palate translucency, discoloration, and subungual hyperkeratosis.
A nail disease or onychosis is a disease or deformity of the nail. Although the nail is a structure produced by the skin and is a skin appendage , nail diseases have a distinct classification as they have their own signs and symptoms which may relate to other medical conditions.
Bumping of an affected toe can cause pain as the nail's surrounding tissue is punctured further. Ingrown nails can become easily infected unless care is taken early to treat the condition. Signs of infection include redness and swelling of the area around the nail, drainage of pus, and watery discharge tinged with blood. The main symptom is ...
The condition returns in up to half of cases following treatment. [2] Not using old shoes after treatment may decrease the risk of recurrence. [3] Onychomycosis occurs in about 10 percent of the adult population, [2] with older people more frequently affected. [2] Males are affected more often than females. [3]
When kept dry and away from further trauma, the nail will reattach from the base upward (i.e., from proximal to distal). The aim of treatment is also to eliminate onychomycosis that is a major cause of onycholysis. Antifungals like terbinafin and itraconazole in the form of oral pills should be given for 6 to 8 weeks. [11]
Topical administration of urea cream 40% under occlusion [16] or halcinonide cream 0.1% under occlusion for 5–6 days [17] has been used to treat onychomadesis in certain patients, although these therapies have not always proven successful. [6] It has been suggested to apply basic fibroblast growth factor externally to promote fresh nail plate ...
Severe congenital onychogryphosis affecting all twenty nailbeds has been recorded in two families who exhibit the dominant allele for a certain gene. [6] [7]Congenital onychogryphosis of the fifth toe (the baby, little, pinky or small toe) is fairly common, but asymptomatic and seldom brought to the attention of medical professionals.
Conservative treatment is associated with recurrence/temporary remission and is a straightforward procedure [how?]. [4] Surgical treatment has a decreased rate of recurrence, though when done improperly it can result in pain, an atypical nail appearance, secondary infection, wound necrosis, and sensory disruption.