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  2. Cytolysin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytolysin

    Cytolysins can destruct membranes without creating lysis to cells. [5] Therefore, "membrane damaging toxins" (MDTs) describes the essential actions of cytolysins. Cytolysins comprise more than 1/3 of all bacterial protein toxins. Bacterial protein toxins can be highly poisonous to human.

  3. Microbial toxin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_toxin

    The mechanism that clostridial toxins follow includes clostridia forming pores and then the pores inserting themselves into the cell membrane of cells. Clostridial toxins have the ability to damage or alter the cell membrane damaging the extracellular matrix of the organism. Toxin A and toxin B are two toxins produced by Clostridioides difficile.

  4. Wound response in plants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wound_response_in_plants

    The structure of a plant cell wall is incredibly important for wound responses, as both protect the plant from pathogenic infections by preventing various molecules from entering the cell. [ 1 ] Plants are capable of activating innate immunity, by responding to wounding events with damage-associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). [ 1 ]

  5. Pore-forming toxin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pore-forming_toxin

    α-Hemolysin from S.aureus. Pore-forming proteins (PFTs, also known as pore-forming toxins) are usually produced by bacteria, and include a number of protein exotoxins but may also be produced by other organisms such as apple snails that produce perivitellin-2 [1] [2] or earthworms, who produce lysenin.

  6. Plant defensin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_defensin

    An additional promiscuous activity of some plant defensins is stopping the growth or disrupting the membranes of cancer cells in in vitro experiments. [44] [45] This interaction is basically facilitated and made stable due to the negatively charged membrane components on cancer cells relative to the positive charge of defensin.

  7. Peroxisome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome

    Basic structure of a peroxisome Distribution of peroxisomes (white) in HEK 293 cells during mitosis Peroxisome in rat neonatal cardiomyocyte. A peroxisome (IPA: [pɛɜˈɹɒksɪˌsoʊm]) [1] is a membrane-bound organelle, a type of microbody, found in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells.

  8. Plant cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_cell

    Structure of a plant cell. Plant cells are the cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.Their distinctive features include primary cell walls containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin, the presence of plastids with the capability to perform photosynthesis and store starch, a large vacuole that regulates turgor pressure, the absence of flagella or ...

  9. Vesicle (biology and chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesicle_(biology_and...

    Cells have many reasons to excrete materials. One reason is to dispose of wastes. Another reason is tied to the function of the cell. Within a larger organism, some cells are specialized to produce certain chemicals. These chemicals are stored in secretory vesicles and released when needed.