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In the early 2000s, scholars noted a lack of theory and conceptual frameworks to inform and guide research and teacher preparation in technology integration. [6] The classic definition of PCK proposed by Shulman included one dynamic and complex relationship between two different knowledge bodies: content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge ...
By 1999, 99% of public school teachers in the United States reported access to at least one computer in their schools, and 84% had access to a computer in their classroom. [5] The invention of the World Wide Web in 1992 simplified internet navigation and sparked further interest in educational settings. Computers were initially integrated into ...
Before his transition to higher education, Reinking was an elementary school classroom teacher for 8 years. [1] In addition to university teaching, Reinking was a principal investigator for the National Reading Research Center at the University of Georgia/University of Maryland, College Park, from 1992 to 1997.
The primary implication for school districts is in ensuring high quality and relevant data is gathered and available. Beyond creating systems to gather and share the data, the school district must provide the expertise, in the form of data expert personnel and/or the access to professional development resources to ensure school building leaders ...
Instructional design (ID), also known as instructional systems design and originally known as instructional systems development (ISD), is the practice of systematically designing, developing and delivering instructional materials and experiences, both digital and physical, in a consistent and reliable fashion toward an efficient, effective, appealing, engaging and inspiring acquisition of ...
[218] When technology is brought into an educational setting, the pedagogical setting changes in that technology-driven teaching can change the entire meaning of an activity without adequate research validation. If technology monopolizes an activity, students can begin to develop the sense that "life would scarcely be thinkable without technology."
Blended learning requires the physical presence of both teacher and student, with some elements of student control over time, place, path, or pace. [1] [2] [3] While students still attend brick-and-mortar schools with a teacher present, face-to-face classroom practices are combined with computer-mediated activities regarding content and delivery.
For example, "Teaching with Technology" is an annual survey that asks teachers about technology in the classroom. Survey findings found it was found that 38.37% of teachers said that technology has had an extremely positive impact on education and 36.63% said that technology has mostly had a positive impact on education. [17]