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The flux lowers the melting point of the desired compound, analogous to a wet chemistry recrystallization. [1] The flux is molten in a highly stable crucible that does not react with the flux. Metal crucibles, such as platinum , titanium , and niobium are used for the growth of oxide crystals.
Smelting involves more than just melting the metal out of its ore. Most ores are the chemical compound of the metal and other elements, such as oxygen (as an oxide), sulfur (as a sulfide), or carbon and oxygen together (as a carbonate). To extract the metal, workers must make these compounds undergo a chemical reaction.
Vacuum induction melting (VIM) utilizes electric currents to melt metal within a vacuum. The first prototype was developed in 1920. [1] Induction heating induces eddy currents within conductors. Eddy currents create heating effects to melt the metal. [2] Vacuum induction melting has been used in both the aerospace and nuclear industries. [2]
[citation needed] The metal ions, more noble than aluminium, then undergo a redox reaction, dissolve the surface layer of aluminium and form a deposit there. This intermediate layer of another metal then can be wetted with a solder. One example of such flux is a composition of triethanolamine, fluoroboric acid, and cadmium fluoroborate. More ...
The advantage of the induction furnace is a clean, energy-efficient and well-controlled melting process, compared to most other means of metal melting. Most modern foundries use this type of furnace, and many iron foundries are replacing cupola furnaces with induction furnaces to melt cast iron, as the former emit much dust and other pollutants ...
Cryolite is a good solvent for alumina with low melting point, satisfactory viscosity, and low vapour pressure. Its density is also lower than that of liquid aluminium (2 vs 2.3 g/cm 3), which allows natural separation of the product from the salt at the bottom of the cell.
Welding joins two pieces of metal using heat, pressure, or both. The most common modern welding methods use heat sufficient to melt the base metals to be joined and the filler metal. This includes gas welding and all forms of arc welding. The area where the base and filler metals melt is called the weld pool or puddle.
In one of the previous melting stages, lead was added. Gold and silver preferentially dissolved in this, thus providing a means of recovering these precious metals. To produce purer copper suitable for making copper plates or hollow-ware , further melting processes were undertaken, using charcoal as fuel.
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